Rheumatic fever - All you need to know



Rheumatic fever is dangerous. Children often cough. But if there is a persistent infection in his throat, then it can become the cause of rheumatic fever and also serious. 

Acute rheumatic fever in children sometimes begins due to infection with streptococcus bacteria in the throat. This condition usually begins 2-3 weeks after a throat infection. The disease affects 33 million people in the world's developing countries and is the leading cause of cardiovascular death in the first five decades of life. Acute rheumatic fever occurs in approximately 20 out of every 100,000 school-age children worldwide.


What is Rheumatic Fever?

Rheumatic fever is a complex type of fever that affects the joints, skin, heart, blood vessels, and brain. It can progress after infection with Streptococcus bacteria, which is spread through sputum and respiratory secretions. Children between the ages of 5 and 15, especially if they experience a throat infection, are at a higher risk of rheumatic fever. Children who have a family history of the disease may also develop rheumatic fever. This fever spreads rapidly in winter and spring, because 'strep throat' occurs during this time.


How to identify

The five major symptoms of this fever are gout, carditis, central nervous system involvement, subcutaneous nodules, a rash called erythema marginatum. Arthritis or joint swelling and inflammation is usually the initial symptom in 60 to 80 percent of cases. In this disease, arthritis affects the knee, elbow, heel and shoulder for some time. The severe form of acute rheumatic fever symptom is carditis i.e. inflammation of the heart. This defect refers to inflammation of the valve, also known as endocarditis. Some children may develop central nervous system involvement with emotional disturbances. Erythema marginatum is an itchy rash that occurs on the back and sometimes on the extremities. There are nodules on the skin less than 2 cm in size and painless lesions present on bone surfaces. Arthritis, heartburn, chorea, skin rash, fever and abnormal testing for streptococcus infection, ECG. Abnormal heart rate helps to diagnose this disease.


Chances of recurrence

In this disease there is a possibility of recurrence with throat infection. However, if the child has had ARF once, he is given injectable antibiotics every 3 to 4 weeks. A minimum of five years is needed if the child had only ARF without heart infection. In case of heart attack, the antibiotic is continued till the age of 10 years or till the child is 21 years of age. Antibiotic in case of heart valve damage for 10 years or till the patient is 40 years old or valve. In case of change, even longer is given.


It is necessary to check for infection

Your child's doctor can determine the treatment of this fever after looking at the child's complete health and medical history and symptoms. . Children with rheumatic fever are often treated in hospital, depending on the severity of the disease. Treatment of fever consists of reducing joint pain with certain medications, which may take one to two weeks. Streptococcus bacteria first need to be removed from the throat with antibiotic therapy. Heart conditions can cause some children to become very ill and require treatment for heart failure, including steroids in some cases. It is also necessary to check the infection of the members who came in contact with the sick in the house. If positive, they should also be treated with a full course of antibiotics.

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